海藻酸钠及其复合材料在生物医药中的研究进展

海藻酸钠具有良好的生物相容性和吸湿性能,其复合材料具有优异的力学性能和降解可控性能,可以作为药物的载体材料和组织工程中的支架材料。本文综述了海藻酸钠及其复合材料在缓控释制剂中、组织工程中以及医用敷料中的研究进展。     

Process optimization of reaction of acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

Silica is the major component of the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing.The waterglass solution can be prepared by the reaction of the residue with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.Compared to the high temperature reaction method,this process is environmental friendly and low cost.In this paper,the reaction process of the residue and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is optimized.The optimum reaction process parameters are as follows:the usage of sodium hydroxide is 26.4 g/100 g acid leaching residue,the reaction temperature is 90℃,the reaction time is 1 h,and the ratio of the liquid/solid is 2.0.The significance sequence of the process parameters to the alkali leaching reaction effect is the usage of sodium hydroxidethe ratio of the liquid/solidthe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the leaching ratio of SiO2 is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the modulus of the sodium silicate is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.Under the optimum conditions,the leaching ratio of the SiO2 is 77.5%,and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.15.The XRD analysis result indicates that the major components of the alkali leaching residue are serpentine,talc,quartz and some albite.     

累积叠轧Al/Cu复合板界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制

采用累积叠轧(ARB)结合多次退火处理制备了Al/Cu复合板,重点研究了Al/Cu界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制. 结果表明:Al/Cu界面反应层的形成主要依赖于退火过程中铜原子在界面处的扩散,反应产物包括Al₂Cu、AlCu、Al₄Cu₉. 轧制变形致使反应层破碎并在基体中均匀分布,轧后退火处理导致新的反应层不断形成.最终经多次叠轧及退火处理,原始铜板材全部转变为椭球状具有核-壳结构的Al/Cu金属间化合物颗粒. 8道次复合板抗拉强度最高,达到176.8 MPa,是退火态1060抗拉强度的1.74倍;0道次复合板延伸率较好,主要是Al/Cu界面分层后铝层均匀塑性变形,应力缓慢释放所致.     

水玻璃型砂的CO2与氟硅酸钠复合固化法

对水玻璃砂的C0₂、氟硅酸钠的单一固化法及这两者相结合的复合固化法进行对比试验，结果表明：C0₂固化法固化速度快,但终强度低；氟硅酸钠固化法固化速度慢，但终强度高、存放性好;将这两种方法进行组合形成的复合固化法，能使水玻璃砂固化速度快、终强度高且存放性好,从而更好地满足铸造生产的需要。     

Coastal seafloor observatory at Xiaoqushan in the East China Sea

The seafloor observation system is becoming an important infrastructure for marine research because it is transforming oceanic research from temporal investigation to long term observation.The East China Sea coastal seafloor observatory,located between 30°31′44″N,122°15′12″E and 30°31′34″N,122°14′40″E,is constructed near the Xiaoqushan Island outside the Hangzhou Bay on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea.The observatory is connected by a submarine optical fiber composite power cable that is more than one kilometer long and consists of a special junction box that transmits power and communication signals to different instruments.The special junction box has a variety of waterproof plugs and connects to three different instruments installed in a trawl preventer.The submarine optical fiber composite power cable is landed on the platform by The East China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration and the power is continuously supplied by the solar panels and solar battery on the top of the platform.The real time data are directly sent through the cable to the platform and are transmitted by CDMA wireless to the receiver at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji University.Measurements at the observatory have been taken since April 20,2009 after installation and the results have been interpreted.The characteristics of the near bottom boundary are constrained by a sediment suspension model using portion of the observed data.In particular,discussion is provided on the sea surface height anomaly at Xiaoqushan Island influenced by the tsunami driven by the 2010 Earthquake in Chile.The successful establishment of the coastal seafloor observatory is the first step toward future development of seafloor observation systems in China.It not only accumulates experiences in technology and engineering,but also paves the way for performing important oceanic research using the long term continuous observation platform.     

深井回采工作面覆岩运动及煤体应力分布规律

为保证深部开采矿井安全高效生产,根据东海煤矿32#右十一回采工作面地质资料,采用RFPA、ANSYS软件对深部回采工作面覆岩关键层运动规律及煤体内的应力变化情况进行数值模拟。结果表明,开采深度越大工作面覆岩关键层的破断距离越小,顶板周期来压步距越短;该工作面的周期来压步距为30 m左右,数值模拟与现场实测结果吻合;随着回采工作面的推进,高应力区向远离工作面的煤体内部移动,且煤柱上的高应力分布带移动量大于煤体上的移动量。该研究为矿井深部开采超前支护及冲击矿压防治提供了参考。     

拉力型锚索在黄土层中的荷载传递机理

在前人研究成果与合理的假设的基础上,分析拉力型锚索在黄土地区的荷载传递机理,得到黄土地层中拉力型锚索的临界锚固段长度理论计算公式,并分析各参数变化对临界锚固段长度的影响规律.依据现行规范要求,试验验证黄土地区深基坑桩锚支护体系临界锚固段长度理论公式的合理性.实测数据分析表明,在黄土地层条件下,通过锚索锚固段的合理设置,其锚固段极限黏结强度取值可高于现行规范推荐值.试验锚索的荷载位移曲线验证了黄土地层中拉力型锚索的不同受荷服役工况和荷载传递变化情况,反映了各级张拉荷载下锚索的工作状态.研究成果可为黄土地区拉力型锚索的设计及现场试验提供指导.     

电镀法制备Ru/Ni-foam催化剂及其催化硼氢化钠水解产氢性能研究

氢能作为一种高效、环保的可再生能源，具有广阔的应用前景，通过催化剂使硼氢化钠（NaBH₄）水解产氢是一种安全、高效和实用性强的化学产氢技术。以电化学沉积方法制备的Ru/Ni-foam（Ru/NF）作为硼氢化钠水解制氢的催化剂，研究了不同的反应温度、不同的硼氢化钠浓度、不同的反应pH以及催化剂稳定性4种因素对该催化反应的影响规律。结果表明：用电镀方法得到的Ru/NF催化剂在10%（质量分数）NaOH、15% NaBH₄、室温条件下，可以达到1894 mL/（min·g）的产氢速率，具有很好的实际应用前景。     

褥垫层施工技术在地基处理中的应用

褥垫层是目前软土地基处理中的核心技术,褥垫层与CFG桩相结合共同构成复合地基,文章结合新建哈尔滨至大连铁路客运专线施工情况,介绍褥垫层的作用及在工程中的应用。     

CO2盐水层埋存条件下Mg^2+对油井水泥石腐蚀的影响

为探索CO2盐水层埋存条件下Mg^2+对油井水泥石腐蚀的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)和背散射电子像(SEM-BSE)等分析方法对腐蚀后的水泥石进行分析。结果表明:Mg^2+会减小CO2对水泥石的腐蚀速率;Mg^2+存在的情况下,水泥石表层生成的菱镁矿会一定程度上减缓碳酸钙的溶解,水泥石表面淋滤作用并不明显,内部生成的水镁石、菱镁矿和膨胀性矿物碳酸钙造成水泥石内应力增大而产生多条裂隙;Mg^2+存在的情况下,水泥石表层生成的菱镁矿及其内部生成的水镁石均会阻碍水泥石与外部腐蚀离子的反应,Mg^2+对CO2腐蚀水泥石的过程具有“减缓效应”。